Understanding Dyslexia: What Parents Need to Know

When parents hear the word dyslexia, many think of it as just a reading problem or a learning disability. But dyslexia is so much more than that. It’s part of how a child’s brain is wired, and it can even be a shared identity for many people who experience it. About 1 in 5 people are dyslexic—that means in a classroom of 25 children, as many as 5 might be dyslexic.

Dyslexia Is Not About Intelligence

One of the most important things for parents to know is this: dyslexia is not related to intelligence. In fact, children must have average to above-average intelligence to be diagnosed with dyslexia. Your child may be bright, creative, or even gifted—but their brain processes language differently.

How the Dyslexic Brain Works

Dyslexia is genetic, which means children are often born with it. Brain scans show that dyslexic brains look and work differently than non-dyslexic brains—even in babies, before they begin learning to read.

For most people, the left side of the brain is responsible for breaking words into sounds, matching those sounds to letters, and quickly recognizing words. In children with dyslexia, these areas are less active. That’s why sounding out words, spelling, and remembering written information can be so hard.

At the same time, other areas of the brain may work harder to “make up” for these challenges. This is why dyslexic learners often show strengths in creativity, problem-solving, and big-picture thinking.

Why Reading Feels So Hard

When a dyslexic child reads, their brain is working overtime just to sound out the words. Because so much energy goes into decoding the letters and sounds, comprehension can suffer—they may not remember what they just read.

Some common challenges dyslexic learners face include:

• Trouble breaking words into smaller parts

• Difficulty matching letters to sounds

• Struggling with spelling and organization of written language

• Working memory challenges (holding on to information while using it)

  
  

The Good News: The Brain Can Change

Here’s the hopeful part: with the right instruction, the brain can actually rewire itself. Studies show that when dyslexic children get proper support—like structured, evidence-based reading programs—their brain activity changes. The areas that were underactive become stronger, and reading improves.

What Parents Can Do

If your child is struggling with reading or spelling, here are a few steps to take:

1. Trust your instincts. If something feels “off,” seek help early.

2. Ask about evaluations. A formal assessment can give you answers.

3. Look for structured literacy programs. These are specifically designed for dyslexic learners.

4. Encourage your child’s strengths. Dyslexic children often excel in creativity, problem-solving, and hands-on learning.

5. Advocate at school. Make sure teachers and staff understand your child’s needs.

   
   

In short: Dyslexia is not a limitation—it’s a difference. With the right support, dyslexic learners can thrive, both in and out of the classroom.